PHI 210 Critical Thinking Essay Project Discussions and Assignments STR

PHI 210 Critical Thinking Essay Project Discussions and Assignments STR

PHI 210 Critical Thinking Essay Project Discussions and Assignments STR

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PHI 210 Full Course Discussions STR

PHI 210 Week 1 Discussion STR

“Critical Thinking in the Workplace”

The video clip “Thinking on the Job” in the Webtext this week illustrates the importance of critical thinking in work contexts.

  • In your own words, describe what critical thinking involves.
  • Discuss a time in your work life when you needed to use critical thinking. How would you show a potential employer that you have solid critical thinking skills?
  • Find a resource online that helps people increase critical thinking skills, share it here, and give a brief description for your classmates.

 

PHI 210 Critical Thinking Essay Project Discussions and Assignments STR Week 2 Discussion STR

“Looking at the Other Side of the Coin”

  1. Select one (1) of the topics from the www.procon.org Website. Summarize the topic and state your position on the issue.
  2. From the Procon.org Website, identify three (3) premises (reasons) listed under either the Pro or Con section — whichever section opposes your position.
  3. For the three (3) premises (reasons) that oppose your position on the issue, answer these “believing” questions suggested by Elbow:
    • What’s interesting or helpful about this view?
    • What would I notice if I believed this view?
    • In what sense or under what conditions might this idea be true?”
  1. Determine the biases you experienced in your own thinking as you examined the reasons for and against your position. (Explain the meaning of the term ‘bias’ as well.) Describe your reaction to your experience of these biases.

 

PHI 210 Week 3 Discussion STR

“Understanding and Analyzing Arguments”

Read the Webtext material for week 3. Then, watch both videos provided in the Instructor’s Insights for Week 3. And finally, please respond to the following:

 

  • Explain the meaning of the term ‘argument’ in logic. How does it differ from the second meaning of the term that we commonly use? (Don’t forget to provide your references! Make sure to carefully watch the videos and to refer to them!)
  • Use the Internet to search for an example of an argument in the media, or present an argument you encountered in your daily life. Explain the example: what are the argument’s two parts? Is it a good argument? How can you assess it?

In your replies to classmates, discuss the classmate’s argument: is the argument well formulated? If not, what should be changed? How can the argument be assessed?

 

PHI 210 Week 4 Discussion STR

“Fallacies and Errors in Sound Reasoning”

Please respond to the following:

  • Explain the meaning of the term ‘fallacy’ in logic (review the material provided in Instructor Insights for Week 4; use reliable sources, and provide your references).
  • Use the Internet to locate at least two (2) advertisements that exhibit any of the following fallacies: equivocation, false authority, ad hominem, appeal to ignorance, or bandwagon. Post the videos in the discussion. Next, identify and discuss the fallacy used in the selected advertisements: where exactly is the mistake of reasoning being committed?
  • Remember that a fallacy is a faulty argument, so, in order to properly identify the fallacy you need to first identify the argument with its two crucial parts (what are those parts? review the material discussed in week 3 if you are not sure).
  • Discuss the primary reasons why you believe that the advertisers have used the fallacy in question, and examine whether or not their use of this type of fallacy is effective.

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PHI 210 Week 5 Discussion STR

Go over the three arguments below. (Don’t read  your classmates’ posts until you are done with your own work.)

Then, choose TWO (2) of them.
In each case, identify the argument’s two parts: what is the conclusion? (There may be more than one conclusion in the passage; this means that you could identify more than one argument per passage.) What is or are the premises? (Each premise and each conclusion should be formulated in your own words; each of them must be a simple and complete declarative sentence.)

After you identify the argument, answer the following questions:

Is this a good argument? What’s misleading about it? Where is the reasoning mistake?

EXAMPLE 1

The following appeared in a local newspaper:

In the last school where Principal McArthur worked, he was known as very tough. The teachers resented him. Nobody liked him. He’d often call the teachers into his office and scold them for lateness, lazy work habits, and sloppy record-keeping. When Dr. McArthur arrives at his new position at the Willows High School next August, he will again create a hostile work environment.

EXAMPLE 2:

The following appeared in promotional literature for a billboard company:

Bye Bye Baby Store installed a large billboard on the side of the 95 highway exit. Sales of baby items in the store increased 13% in the next fiscal quarter. Dr. Mark Baldwin, a local dentist, would like to increase the profits of his dental practice. All that needs to be done is installing an advertising billboard next to a highway exist and his patient load will increase tremendously.

EXAMPLE 3

The following appeared in a local newspaper:

Two weeks ago, 12 female college soccer players went to the Governor’s office. They wanted to protest budget cuts for intercollegiate women’s sports. In the state, there are about 30,000 female college athletes. Because only 12 women went  to the protest, obviously most female athletes don’t care at all about the Governor’s funds for athletics. Therefore, there is no need for the governor to make any changes to his budget allocations.

 

PHI 210 Week 6 Discussion STR

“Identifying Truth or Fiction”

The video clip, “The Baloney Detection Kit,” this week discusses the ways an effective critical thinker assesses claims made by others.

Carefully define the terms ‘science’ and ‘pseudoscience’. Thoroughly explain the difference between them and provide your references.

Also, give at least one example of what counts as science, and of what counts as pseudoscience. Explain how you can tell the difference. How do we know when a claim counts a pseudoscience? How can you tell that a claim is truly a scientific claim?

Are there any pseudo-scientific claims that you hold? If yes, why is it?

Determine at least two (2) ways in which the material discussed this week has changed your own thinking.

 

PHI 210 Week 7 Discussion STR

“Problem Solving Interview Question”

Imagine you are interviewing for a job you really want.

The interviewer asks you the following question: “Explain a specific example in which you used critical thinking/problem solving strategies to solve a problem in the real world.”

  • What is your answer to the question?
  • Choose one classmate’s own response to the interviewer’s question. If you are a job coach, what suggestions would you make to maximize your classmate’s answer to the interview question?

 

PHI 210 Week 8 Discussion STR

“The Relationship Between Language and Thinking (20 points)”

Please respond to the following:

What is political correctness? How is it defined? What’s its goal? How does it illustrate the power of language? Do research – look for reliable scholarly sources to find a good definition; explain the term also in your own words, and provide an example.

Critically discuss the question: Is political correctness a good idea?

There are obviously two possible answers to this question. Present those two answers, and try to provide the strongest argument you can think of in support of BOTH sides (you’ll need one argument for each side). Then tell us which side you think is stronger and why.

You may want to consider the following additional questions: Does political correctness violate freedom of speech? (Please don’t forget to define the term ‘freedom of speech’ – what is it, what is its goal, where did it originate? Provide your references.)

When you create your arguments, clearly indicate the conclusion and the premises of the arguments. Use concrete examples to illustrate your point.

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PHI 210 Week 9 Discussion STR

“Take a Look at Ethics Around You:”

Carefully read the material on Ethics and especially on Moral Theories in the Webtext. Then consider the following scenario:

A runaway train is speeding down a track. There are five people tied to the track in the train’s path. If the train isn’t stopped, the five people will for sure die.  You are there near the train, and you happen to see a switch: if you flip the switch, the train will go down a different track and you will save the five people. Unfortunately, if you do so – one person will still die as there is one person also tied to that alternate track.

What is the morally right thing to do (according to the moral theories discussed in class?). Construct an argument.

That is, when you answer the question,  support your view with the help from one of the moral theories of your choice.

After you write down your answer, watch the first video in the Instructor Insights for week 9.
How will you thinking change after you watch the video?

IMPORTANT! Comment on AT LEAST TWO of your classmates’ posts. Challenge your classmates, and challenge yourself! Talk about the ethical theory that your classmate chose: is it a good ethical theory to follow? Can you think of any problems with that theory?

 

PHI 210 Week 10 Discussion STR

The Value of Critical Thinking

Consider the following scenario and then answer our discussion questions:

You always walk to work, and your regular route takes you past a shallow pond. One morning you put on your very best clothes (you paid $200 for them just last week) and are in rush for a very important business meeting with your boss. When you pass by the pond, you notice that a toddler has fallen in and is about to drown. The child is crying for help! You are tall, strong, and a master swimmer. You could save the child without any problems, but if you do, you’ll ruin your expensive clothes (you’ll lose $200!), and you’ll be late to your important business meeting.

In this situation, do you have a moral obligation to rescue the child? (In other words, if you decided not to save the child, would this be a morally wrong decision?) DON’T tell us what you would do personally. Rather, focus on this precise question: what is morally right to do in this situation and why. Make sure to refer to at least one ethical theory discussed last week.

Of course, most of us drive to work, and don’t pass by a pond. But at this very moment, when you are reading your discussion questions, a child is about to die – a child in Africa, in Syria, or a child somewhere close by in the US… If you donate a certain amount of money (maybe $200, but maybe only $20) to the right charity (we assume that the charity is genuine!), you could save this child’s life. (If you don’t like the idea of a charity, think of the various GoFundMe cases where your money could save a person’s life.)

Do you have a moral obligation to save this child assuming that you can do it without any serious threat to your own wellbeing and also assuming that the money that you donate will indeed help save the child? (In other words, if in this situation you choose not to donate, would this be a morally wrong decision?)

Once again: DON’T say what you do or would do, focus on assessing the moral character of the situation: What is morally right and why?

Now, before you answer our discussion questions, pause for a while…. Think about all you have learned in our class. Remember that now you are a critical thinker… How will the answer given by a critical thinker differ from an answer given by a regular person? How will your answers be different from what you’d reply without studying critical thinking? In your post, make sure to concretely refer to concepts that you studied this quarter in our class.

The Drowning Child thought experiment was created by philosopher Peter Singer in his article “Famine, Affluence, and Morality” (1972).

 

PHI 210 Week 11 Discussion STR

Reflection

Please respond to the following:

  • First – Give your opinion on whether being an effective critical thinker makes decision making easier or more challenging. Talk about concrete decisions you had to or will have to make. Justify your response
  • Second – Consider the following statement: “The major difference between a successful person and one that is not successful is that the successful person, over time, tends to make better decisions than the less successful person.” Discuss whether or not you believe this statement to be true. Explain the fundamental ways in which effectively applying critical thinking concepts has helped you to become more successful

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PHI 210 Full Course Assignments STR

PHI 210 Week 2 Assignment STR

Assignment 1.1 Conflicting Viewpoints Essay Part I

Due Week 2

When looking for information about a particular issue, how often do you try to resist biases toward your own point of view? This assignment asks you to engage in this aspect of critical thinking by playing the “Believing Game.” The Believing Game is about making the effort to “believe” – or at least consider – the reasons for an opposing view on an issue.

The assignment is divided into two (2) parts.
In Part I of the assignment (due Week 2), you will first read a book excerpt about critical thinking processes: “The Believing Game and How to Make Conflicting Opinions More Fruitful” at http://www.procon.org/sourcefiles/believinggame.pdf. Next, you will review the Procon.org Website in order to gather information. Then, you will engage in prewriting to examine your thoughts.
Note: In Part II of the assignment (due Week 4), you will write an essay geared towards synthesizing your ideas.

Part I – Prewriting: Follow the instructions below for this prewriting activity. Use complete sentences and adhere to standard rules of English grammar, punctuation, mechanics, and spelling.
1. Select one (1) of the approved topics from the www.procon.org Website and state your position on the issue.
2. From the Procon.org Website, identify three (3) premises (reasons) listed under either the Pro or Con section – whichever section opposes your position.
3.For each of the three (3) premises (reasons) that oppose your position on the issue, answer these “believing” questions suggested by Elbow:

  1. What’s interesting or helpful about this view?
  2. What would I notice if I believed this view?
  3. In what sense or under what conditions might this idea be true?”

The paper should follow guidelines for clear and organized writing:

  • Include an introductory paragraph and concluding paragraph.
  • Address main ideas in body paragraphs with a topic sentence and supporting sentences.
  • Adhere to standard rules of English grammar, punctuation, mechanics, and spelling.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • This course requires use of Strayer Writing Standards (SWS). The format is different than other Strayer University courses. Please take a moment to review the SWS documentation for details.
  • This prewriting assignment has no page requirement. There is no requirement at this time to include references in the assignment.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Identify the informal fallacies, assumptions, and biases involved in manipulative appeals and abuses of language.
  • Create written work utilizing the concepts of critical thinking.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in critical thinking skills and informal logic.

PHI 210 Critical Thinking Essay Project Discussions and Assignments STR Week 4 Assignments STR

Assignment 1.2 Conflicting Viewpoints Essay Part II

Due Week 4

When looking for information about a particular issue, how often do you try to resist biases toward your own point of view? This assignment asks you to engage in this aspect of critical thinking.

The assignment is divided into two (2) parts.
For Part I of the assignment (due Week 2), you read a book excerpt about critical thinking processes, reviewed the Procon.org Website in order to gather information, and engaged in prewriting to examine your thoughts.
* Remember that in the Week 2 Discussion, you examined the biases discussed in Chapter 2 of the webtext.

In Part II of the assignment (due Week 4), you will write a paper to synthesize your ideas.
Part II – Writing
Write at three to four (3-4) page paper in which you:
1. State your position on the topic you selected for Assignment 1.1.
2. Identify (3) three premises (reasons) from the Procon.org website that support your position    and explain why you selected these specific reasons.
3. Explain your answers to the “believing” questions about the three (3) premises opposing your position from the Procon.org website.
4. Examine at least two (2) types of biases that you likely experienced as you evaluated the premises for and against your position.
5. Discuss the effects of your own enculturation or group identification that may have influenced your biases.
6. Discuss whether or not your thinking about the topic has changed after playing the “Believing Game,” even if your position on the issue has stayed the same.

The paper should follow guidelines for clear and organized writing:

  • Include an introductory paragraph and concluding paragraph.
  • Address main ideas in body paragraphs with a topic sentence and supporting sentences.
  • Adhere to standard rules of English grammar, punctuation, mechanics, and spelling.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • This course requires use of Strayer Writing Standards (SWS). The format is different than other Strayer University courses. Please take a moment to review the SWS documentation for details.
  • Based on the guidelines in SWS, “A well-researched assignment has at least as many sources as pages.” Since this assignment requires you to write at least 3-4 pages, you should include at least 3-4 references.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Identify the informal fallacies, assumptions, and biases involved in manipulative appeals and abuses of language.
  • Create written work utilizing the concepts of critical thinking.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in critical thinking skills and informal logic. PHI 210 Critical Thinking Essay Project Discussions and Assignments STR

 

PHI 210 Week 6 Assignment Exam 1 STR

Week 6 Assignment Exam 1

Question 1

In everyday speech, an argument usually means a heated disagreement in which the goal is to “win” by _________ the other person.

Question 2

Maggie’s friends don’t want to attend school today; they think it would be much more fun to stay home and play video games. Maggie thinks it would be wrong to stay home and decides to go to school without them. Maggie is being:

Question 3

Which of the following is a core skill of critical thinking?

Question 4

A person who is humble and understands what they know, and is aware of what they do not know is considered ____________.

Question 5

When we describe someone as “critical” we usually mean they have a(n) ________ orientation.

Question 6

Which strategy helps combat hostility?

Question 7

For much of her life, Kaiden has volunteered with the Red Cross and considers this to be part of her identity. Which of these scenarios would suggest that Kaiden’s ability to think critically has been hindered by this aspect of her identity?

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Question 8

Which of the following BEST summarizes the relationship between pride and bias?

Question 9

Johann’s sister believes that eating soy is healthy, but Johann believes it is not. To gather more information on the topic, Johann types “dangers of eating soy” into an Internet search engine and reads only the web articles that come up. Johann is guilty of which bias?

Question 10

Juan was raised on a chicken farm. During his first semester in college, he attended a talk about animal rights in modern farming practices. Juan felt personally attacked during this talk. What should Juan do to combat his emotions so he can think critically about his beliefs?

Question 11

Which of the following qualifies as an argument?

Question 12

Arguments make the process of thinking visible. Which of the following statements makes the process of thinking MOST visible?

Question 13

Damien must have eaten shellfish at dinner, because now he is having an allergic reaction. What is the unstated assumption in this enthymeme?

Question 14

Tavia is making an argument that a particular cable service provider has the most satisfied customers in her community. The support for her inductive argument would be strongest if she used which of the following methods to gather facts?

Question 15

Eating candy every day places a person at risk of contracting diabetes. Jackie eats a bag of candy every day. Therefore, _________. Which of the following completes this deductive argument?

Question 16

Jose really likes bacon and wants to wrap bacon around all of the appetizers to be served at a dinner party. Sarah disagrees and suggests guests might want a “bacon-free” option. Jose claims that no one should listen to Sarah because she is a crazy vegetarian. This is a(n) _________ fallacy.

Question 17

Which of the following represents an “appeal to popularity” fallacy?

Question 18

In February, 2012, bill C-30 “Protecting Children from Internet Predators Act” was introduced in the House of Commons of Canada. Despite extensive Privacy Commission concerns about “warrant-less access” to all Canadian Internet and cell phone accounts under the proposed legislation, Canadian Public Safety Minister Vic Toews said “â ¦either stand with us or with the child pornographers.” This is a(n) _________ fallacy. PHI 210 Critical Thinking Essay Project Discussions and Assignments STR

Question 19

A commercial advertising a particular brand of baking powder shows a cozy scene involving a family at Christmastime laughing together while baking Christmas cookies to leave out for Santa Claus. The commercial’s implication that you should buy their baking powder so you can enjoy the same feelings of warmth and happiness commits which fallacy?

Question 20

_________ is characterized by claiming that because something cannot be proven false, it must be true unless the opponent can disprove the conclusion.

Question 21

Meghan is studying alternative medicine. She has been reading articles on the web about the benefits and risks of ingesting herbs to alleviate common medical conditions. Which of the following questions should help her to determine the perspective of a particular website?

Question 22

Don was researching apple production for a farm stand orchard. He found a .com that discussed apple production and sold apple cider, a .com that discussed apple production and sold dried fruit, a .org that educated the community growing apple trees, and a .org that advocated for removing genetically modified (GMO) trees from orchards. Based upon what you know about website types and target audiences, which site contains the MOST bias?

Question 23

A geologist has been studying a particular type of rock for almost 25 years. He recently had some ideas about cloud formations and shared them in a journal article. Which of the following led to a loss in the expert’s credibility?

Question 24

Don was researching apple production for a farm stand orchard. He found a .com that discussed apple production and sold apple cider, a .com that discussed apple production and sold dried fruit, a .org that educated the community on growing apple trees, and a .org that advocated for removing genetically modified (GMO) trees from orchards. Based upon what you know about website types and target audiences, which site should Don consider the MOST credible?

Question 25

A medical expert is famous for his research in the field of hypertension. An international drug company pays him to lecture at conferences to endorse their new hypertension drug. Which of the following could lead to a loss in the expert’s credibility?

 

PHI 210 Critical Thinking Essay Project Discussions and Assignments STR Week 9 Assignment STR

Assignment 2 Problem Solving
Due Week 9

When faced with a problem, what do you do to solve it? This assignment asks you to apply a six-step to problem solving process to a specific problem scenario. You will write a paper that presents a synthesis of your ideas about solving the problem using this systematic approach. As Voltaire said, “No problem can withstand the assault of sustained thinking.”

Choose one (1) of the problem scenarios as a topic choice for your paper (Note: Your professor must approve your topic choice before you begin work on the assignment.)

Scenario 1: You have worked at your company for eleven (11) years. You have returned to college to earn a Bachelor’s degree in order to increase your chances for a promotion. You are nearly finished with your degree, when a supervisor’s position in a competing company becomes available in another state. The start date is in two (2) weeks, during your final exam period for your courses. The position offers a $15,000 per year salary increase, a car allowance, and relocation expenses. Your former supervisor works for the company and is recommending you for the position based on your outstanding job performance; if you want the job, it’s yours. All of the other supervisors at this level in the company have Master’s degrees, so you know that you would be expected to earn your Bachelor’s degree and continue on to a Master’s degree. Your present company offers tuition reimbursement, but the new company does not.

Scenario 2: Your child comes home from school with an assignment sheet for a school project. He / she is very excited about the project and begins work immediately, doing research on the Internet and gathering materials. You read over the assignment sheet and notice that your child is not including all of the required items in the project, and you have some ideas for how to improve the quality of the presentation. You recently read an article in a parenting magazine about the importance of a child developing responsibility for his/ her own learning. You recall the many ways in which your parents took over your school projects. You, on the other hand, want to encourage your child’s confidence in his / her ability to complete a project independently. The next day, you are at the grocery store when you see a parent of a student in your child’s class. That parent has spent over $30 in supplies for the science project and is taking a day off of work to put the pieces of the project together.

Scenario 3: You have two jobs—one during the week from 9:00 am to 6:00 pm, and one on Saturday from 3:00 pm to 11:00 pm. You are taking two classes—one that meets from 6:00 to 10:00 pm, and one class online. You have two kids—one who plays soccer, and one who is in band. You have two elderly parents who no longer drive. You have two siblings—one who lives two (2) miles away, and one who lives in another state. You have two (2) papers due in your classes the same week that one (1) of your children has a soccer tournament, and the other child has a band concert. You are coaching the soccer team, and you are in charge of fundraising for the band. You have a goal to complete your degree in two (2) years. Your doctor tells you that your blood pressure, your cholesterol, and your weight are too high and recommends several medications that cost you nearly $200 per month after your insurance co-pay. PHI 210 Critical Thinking Essay Project Discussions and Assignments STR

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Scenario 4: You are a sales representative for a company that encourages staff to log time in the field and away from the office. You are expected to begin and end your day at the office. You notice that each day when you arrive and return another co-worker is already there, and you wonder whether this person spends most of his / her time at the office. At your weekly sales meeting, you are informed of your co-workers’ outstanding sales performance. You suspect that this co-worker is spending more time flattering the boss instead of working leads in the field, and as a result is getting the best client referrals. Your own sales numbers have steadily decreased since this other sales representative was hired.

Scenario 5: Professor’s Choice – problem scenario presented by your professor.

Scenario 6: Student’s Choice – Problem scenario presented by you.

Review the six-step problem solving process outlined in the webtext, based on the article “The Problem Solving Process” located at http://www.gdrc.org/decision/problem-solve.html:

  • Step One: Define the problem
  • Step Two: Analyze the problem
  • Step Three: Generate options
  • Step Four: Evaluate options
  • Step Five: Make your decision
  • Step Six: Implement and reflect

Write a four to five (4-5) page paper in which you:
1. Define the problem in the scenario that you have chosen.
2. Analyze the problem in the scenario.
3. Generate options for solving the problem in the scenario.
4. Evaluate the options for solving the problem.
5. Decide on the best option for solving the problem.
6. Explain how you will implement the decision made and reflect on whether this option was the most effective.

The paper should follow guidelines for clear and organized writing:

  • Include an introductory paragraph and concluding paragraph.
  • Address main ideas in body paragraphs with a topic sentence and supporting sentences.
  • Adhere to standard rules of English grammar, punctuation, mechanics, and spelling.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • This course requires use of Strayer Writing Standards (SWS). The format is different than other Strayer University courses. Please take a moment to review the SWS documentation for details.
  • Based on the guidelines in SWS, “A well-researched assignment has at least as many sources as pages.” Therefore, since this assignment requires you to write at least 4-5 pages, you should include at least 4-5 references.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Recognize the hindrances to the decision-making process in order to apply problem-solving skills to a variety of situations.
  • Create written work utilizing the concepts of critical thinking.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in critical thinking skills and informal logic. PHI 210 Critical Thinking Essay Project Discussions and Assignments STR

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PHI 210 Week 11 Assignment Exam 2

Week 11 Assignment Exam 2

Question 1

A scientist is hired to do research for a tobacco company. Anyone reading the scientist’s conclusions should be aware that the scientist may be which of the following?

Question 2

Sally reads a report about a casual study of students and their attitudes to drugs. “A group of high school students were asked if they had ever used an illegal substance; the majority of those students said ‘No.’” Sally then cites this study in her paper about drug use. She says, “A study of students revealed that only 10% of high school students use drugs.” Why is her conclusion flawed?

Question 3

Brian’s eighth grade biology class is conducting a scientific investigation to find out what types of rock the school is built on. The class goes out to collect rocks from an exposure at the edge of the school property. Which scientific process is the class involved in when they do this?

Question 4

A set of statements designed to convince others that an action or idea is right or wrong is a type of _________.

Question 5

Frode is afraid of dogs because he was attacked by one as a child. This is an example of which of the following?

Question 6

Clinton graduated college with a bachelor’s degree in mathematics. While in school he turned down the option to stay an extra year and earn a master’s degree in engineering. Currently, Clinton is having a difficult time finding employment as a mathematician, while all of his engineering friends easily found jobs. What question is Clinton likely asking himself when reflecting upon his decision to not get the master’s degree, which has made it more difficult for him to find a job?

Question 7

Dharamdas is looking to buy a new laptop since his old laptop has finally stopped working. He has made a list of all the laptop brands that could potentially fit his needs, and now he is reading reviews and narrowing down his list based on what he learns. Which stage in the problem-solving process is Dharamdas practicing?

Question 8

Which of the following is MOST likely to lead to bad decisions?

Question 9

Which of the following is something that can lead to making good decisions?

Question 10

Matt and his roommate Gamal argue repeatedly about wearing shoes in the house versus taking them off at the door. Eventually, both are fed up with constantly arguing. They decide to sit down and talk, and not get up until they come to a resolution. This is an example of which decision-making strategy?

Question 11

What is another term for semantic meaning?

Question 12

What is sarcasm?

Question 13

In what way is the statement “Marcie gave her cat food” syntactically ambiguous?

Question 14

Why might advertisers find it appealing to promise that they have a “better” product than the competition?

Question 15

Margo told her friend Lisa about a recent study that she had read. Which statement is an indicator to Lisa of Margo’s use of a proof surrogate in her argument?

Question 16

Your company is operating as a subcontractor on a large government contract. The government decides to request proposals for another upcoming project. Your boss asks you to submit a proposal on behalf of your company, knowing it would violate the current agreement with the primary contractor. If you do what your boss says because he is your boss, you are operating under which moral theory?

Question 17

Which of the following BEST illustrates a justification?

Question 18

During a discussion about women being subjugated in the Middle East, Vanessa argues that you can’t judge other countries for their practices because people in different parts of the world have different beliefs. What moral theory is Vanessa using?

Question 19

Consider the following argument: Premise 1: Steven played a video game with heavy gun use. Premise 2: Simulating shooting guns at people is wrong. Conclusion: Therefore, Steven should not be playing the video game. The statement, “Steven should not be playing the video game,” is an example of which of the following?

Question 20

What is an inherent problem with moral relativism?

Question 21

The straw man fallacy is a fallacy where the arguer _________.

Question 22

Since the start of the Industrial Revolution more than 250 years ago, there has been a marked increase in average global temperature. Tom thinks that since this past year was cooler than normal, scientific claims that Earth’s climate is changing must not be true. Tom’s thinking is flawed because of which of the following?

Question 23

The post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy is a fallacy in which the arguer _________.

Question 24

When debating solutions to problems related to climate change on a national level, which problem related to climate change has a prominent amount of conflicting political opinions?

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Question 25

Which of the following would be an example of the false dichotomy fallacy? PHI 210 Critical Thinking Essay Project Discussions and Assignments STR