Community Nursing Discussion Questions
Community Nursing Discussion Questions
Chapter 1 Opening the Door to Health Care in the Community
Chapter 2 Community and Population Health: Assessment and Intervention
ORDER ORIGINAL, PLAGIARISM-FREE ESSAY PAPERS HERE
Read chapter 1 and 2 of the class textbook and review the attached Power Point presentations, once done answer the following questions:
1. In your own words and using the proper evidence-based references please define the following terms;
a. Community health nursing
b. Community based nursing
c. Population focus care
d. Public Health nursing
2. Discuss any relationship between Community health nursing and Public Health Nursing and mention and discuss any relationship between both terms.
3. Discuss the concept of community assessment and why is the purpose of it and how beneficial it is for the community health nurse.
4. Mention and discuss at least 2 community health frameworks/models.
– Assignments must be presented in an APA format, word document, Arial 12 font attach the forum in the discussion board call “week 1 discussion questions”.
– A minimum of 2 evidence-based references must be cited according to APA and two replies to any of your peers posting sustained with the proper references are required.
– A minimum of 500 words excluding the first and references page are required. Community Nursing Discussion Questions
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Chapter1.pptChapter 1
Opening the Door to Health Care in the CommunityForces for Change
- Public health needs in response to:
- Bioterrorist threats
- Natural disasters
- Community-driven system
- Nursing shortage
Health
- Defined by World Health Organization (WHO)
- Originally defined in 1948 as a “state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”
- WHO expanded the definition in 1986 to include a community concept, “the extent to which an individual or group is able on the one hand, to realize aspirations and satisfy needs; and on the other hand, to change or cope with the environment”
Historical Insights
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- Florence Nightingale
- Founder of modern professional nursing
- Developed first school of nursing
- Directive was to manipulate the patient’s environment to allow nature to take its course in the healing process
- Mid to late 1800s
- Process of contagion between human hosts and the environment better understood
Historical Insights (cont.)
- 20th century
- Medical discoveries and interventions
- Late 20th century
- Obligation to providing healthy environment for all
- U.S. healthcare system considered sophisticated despite:
- High infant mortality rates
- 25th in life expectancy
- Limited access to health care
- Only industrialized nation without guarantee of access to health care
Historical Insights (cont.)
- 21st century
- Focus on quality and efficiency
- Affordable Care Act of 2010
- Essentials of Baccalaureate Nursing Education for Entry Level Community/Public Health Nursing Practice
- Recommendations regarding entry level in community health nursing practice
Public Health Versus
Community Health- Roles for nurses in the community
- Public health nursing
- Community health nursing
- Quad Council of Public Health Nursing Organization
- American Public Health Association
- Association of Community Health Nurse Educators
Communities & Populations Defined
- Community
- Group of people who share something in common and interact with one another who may exhibit a commitment with one another and may share a geographic boundary
- Population
- Group of people who have at least one thing in common and who may or may not interact with one another
Acute Care Versus Community Health Nursing
- Acute care setting
- Provider control
- Predictable routine
- Maintenance of hospital policy
- Resource availability
- Collegial collaboration and consultation
- Controlled patient compliance
- Standardization of care
Acute Care Versus Community Health Nursing (cont.)
- Community based
- Familiar and comfortable environment
- Routine less determined by the nurse or health professional
- Diverse resources
- Autonomy and choice in health decisions
Healthcare Reform and Reinvention of Systems of Care
- President Truman proposed national health insurance
- 1960s introduced Medicare and Medicaid
- Nursing’s Agenda for Health Care Reform
- Managed care
- Care management
- Transition planning
From Hospital to Community
- Move back to community setting
- Home care
- Hospice
- Outpatient treatment clinics
- Outpatient surgeries
- Identified connection between prevention and keeping population healthy
Cure and Prevention
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- 1977 analysis
- Health field elements identified:
- Lifestyle
- Human biology
- Environment
- Health care
- Benefit versus cost
Cure and Prevention (cont.)
- Healthy People
- Two overarching goals
- Increase years of healthy life
- Eliminate health disparities
- Four enabling goals
- Promoting healthful behaviors
- Protecting health
- Achieving access to quality health care
- Strengthening community prevention
Influences on Community Health
- Culture
- Leininger
- Giger & Davidhizar
- Purnell & Paulanka
- Environment
- Nightingale Notes on Nursing
- Ethics
- ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements
Epidemiology
- Science of public health
- Epidemiological model or triangle
- Host
- Agent
- Environment
- Levels of prevention
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
Epidemiology (cont.)
- Measuring a community’s health
- Health statistics
- Birth rates
- Infant mortality rates
- Incidence and prevalence rates for various disease and age groups
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Chapter2.ppt
Chapter 2
Community and Population Health: Assessment and InterventionCommunities and Population
- Community as patient
- Community and population
- Define boundaries
- Differences
- Community-focused intervention
- Interaction
Health of Communities and Populations
- Healthy communities
- Status
- Structure
- Process
- Community competency
- Individual competency
Health of Communities and Populations (cont.)
- World health Organization (WHO)
- Healthy Cities
- Essentials skills for BSN nurse
- Population assessment
- Population-level interventions
- Community assessments
Community Assessment Frameworks
- WHO
- Community empowerment
- Community as Partner Model
- Community core
- Eight interacting community subsystems
- Community stressors/boundaries
- Normal level of defense
- Flexible line of defense
- Lines of resistance
Community Assessment Frameworks (cont.)
- General Systems Model for Community Assessment and Intervention
- Interacting subsystems
- Suprasystem
- Target system and boundaries
- Community process
Using the Nursing Process for the Community
- Conducting a community assessment
- Population assessment
- Primary informants
- Gaining entry into the community
- Kauffman’s five phases
- Impressing
- Behaving
- Swapping
- Belonging
- Chilling out
Using the Nursing Process for the Community (cont.)
- Collecting data
- Seven methods
- Informant interviews
- Observation
- Secondary analysis of existing data
- Constructed surveys
- Focus groups
- Community forums
- Windshield surveys
Using the Nursing Process for the Community (cont.)
- Community diagnosis
- Risk of
- Among
- Related to
- Planning and prioritization phase
- Priorities established
- Goals and objectives identified
- Community-focused interventions
Using the Nursing Process for the Community (cont.)
- Implementation phase
- Action phase
- Role of community health nurse
- Social change and community action
- Lay advisors
- Focus groups
- Policy legislation
- Mass media
- Media advocacy
- Education
Using the Nursing Process for the Community (cont.)
- Evaluation
- Formative evaluation
- Summative evaluation